Jungle Book Distribution

Ratings

Jungle Book 1967 : 87% rotten tomatoes

Jungle Book 2106 : 95% rotten tomatoes 

Release                                                                       
Both films were distributed by Disney as Disney own many subsidary brands to lower their costs.

The Jungle Book 1967 was distributed to cinemas and then later in 1999 released on DVD. The Jungle Book was released in the United States on VHS in 1991 as part of the Walt Disney Classics product line and in the United Kingdom in 1993. In the United States, the VHS release sold 7.4 million units and grossed $184,926,000 in 1991, making it the year's third best-selling home video release.Some copies of videotape reoleased at the time were in a double feature with Charlie, the Lonesome Cougar. Produced on a budget of $4 million, the film was a massive success grossing domestic rentals of $11.5 million by 1968. By 1970, the film had grossed $13 million in domestic rentals becoming the second highest-grossing animated film in the United States and Canada.            

The Jungle Book 2016 was also released in cinemas by Disney. The Jungle Book held its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre on April 4, 2016. It was released on April 8 in 15 countries, including Argentina, Australia, Russia, Malaysia, and most notably in India a week ahead of its U.S. debut on April 15. The release date in India was strategic for the film as it coincided with the Indian New Year and was a holiday in most parts of the country. The film had a special Hindi version with famous actors giving their voices to the main characters, including  Priyanka Chopra as Ka. As the Japanese anime series Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli had been immensely popular in India in the 1990s, Disney India also commissioned a contemporary recording of "Jungle Jungle Baat Chali Hai" (originally used for the popular Indian version of Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli), overseen by the original Hindi song's composers Vishal Bhardwaj and Gulzar, and released it as part of the film's promotional campaign in India.

The Impact Of Competition On The Jungle Book

Disney and Warner Bros. announced their live action adaptation of Jungle Book almost at same time but Disney won the race, because of two reasons:

Disney was only converting their animation movie into live action. The script, treatment, shots etc. are almost mirror copy of the original Disney's Jungle Book (1967). Jon Farveou is a seasoned director who is known for swift production. He had a template to work on from beginning.

Warner Bros. Jungle Book Origins, unlike Disney's version, will be closely following the source material. Rudyard Kipling was a sympathesizer to third world in an imperial age and Jungle Book drew lot of parallels to situation of India during British Raj. The book has many shades and a dancing Baloo and satirical vultures are none of it. Hence WB, is taking its time to give audience an honest to book version of Jungle Book.

"The first trailer for Warner Bros Pictures’ Mowgli was released May 21 2018. Based on the famous Rudyard Kipling story, The Jungle Book, Mowgli mixes real actors with computer-generated animals to tell the fantasy-adventure tale of a boy raised by wolves in the jungles of India. If that sounds familiar, it’s probably because Disney made that exact movie, based on the same source material, in 2016, when it was called The Jungle Book (the same as Kipling’s story). That one was directed by Jon Favreau and featured the voices of Bill Murray, Scarlett Johannsson, and Idris Elba. It grossed nearly $1 billion at the global box office."

In the case of Mowgli, the film was in development before Disney’s The Jungle Book was even announced. But the Disney film was able to get made first, making Mowgli look like the duplicate. Having to essentially re-tell a story told just two years ago by Disney, however tonally different, will make it very difficult for Serkis’ film to perform as well at the box office as Favreau’s did.

Explain The Impact Of Patterns Of Ownership And Control On Film Production

The Jungle Book (1967) was the last film that Walt Disney himself was involoved in producing before his death. Walt Disney was very in  tight control of all aspects of production. Walt wanted The Jungle Book to me a light hearted, musical, family friendly film. So much that he had to drop his original team as they did not fall in line with ideas of this family friendly film as they had made it a lot darker than walt intened. 

The Jungle Book (1967) was animated using the multiplane camera which was the height of technology at its time. The movements are calculated and photographed frame-by-frame, with the result being an illusion of depth by having several layers of artwork moving at different speeds: the further away from the camera, the slower the speed. The multiplane effect is sometimes referred to as a parallax process. Before the multiplane camera, animators found it difficult to create a successful tracking shot using traditional animation methods. Furthermore, the act of animating the forward motion was becoming increasingly costly and time-consuming. The multiplane camera answered this problem by creating a realistic sense of three dimensional depth in a cartoon setting. The multiplane camera also made way for new types of special effects in animated films, such as moving water and flickering light. The multiplane camera made it possible for them to create a more realistc animation with proper depth.

The Jungle Book (2016) however was produced by Jon Favreau. This remake of The Jungle Book has some similarites to the original. However the remake is a lot less child friendly as it has a much darker tone and less music. The remakes pull was also more drawn upon star marketing and focusing on advertsing the a list cast who were involved and rather than the story, because most people already know of the story.

The Jungle Book (2016) was animated using a mixture of CGI and live action, Mowgli being live action and all the animals and scenery being CGI. The film was shot almost entirely in a warehouse in Los Angeles. Jim Henson's Creature Shop was brought in to provide animal puppet figures for Sethi to act against, although none appear in the finished film. They used Maya animation software to create the complicated animal rigs and the RenderMan software, which was developed by Pixar, for the shading and lighting, which was immensely complicated for immersive jungle scenes. One of the most crucial parts of creating realistic CGI animals is getting the fur just right, which includes creating natural movement in real-time. Both movies 1967 and 2016 studied the movement of animals for the most realistic possible animation.

Jungle Book Production

Jungle Book 1967 Technologies

While many of the later Disney feature films had animators being responsible for single characters, in The Jungle Book the animators were in charge of whole sequences, since many have characters interacting with one another. The animation was done by xerography, with character design, led by Ken Anderson, employing rough, artistic edges in contrast to the round animals seen in productions such as Dumbo.

Anderson also decided to make Shere Khan resemble his voice actor, George Sanders. Backgrounds were hand-painted — with exception of the waterfall, mostly consisting of footage of the Angel Falls - and sometimes scenery was used in both foreground and bottom to create a notion of depth. Following one of Reitherman's trademarks of reusing animation of his previous films, the wolf cubs are based on dogs from 101 Dalmatians. Animator Milt Kahl based Bagheera and Shere Khan's movements on live-action felines, which he saw in two Disney productions, A Tiger Walks and the "Jungle Cat" episode of True-Life Adventures.

Baloo was also based on footage of bears, even incorporating the animal's penchant for scratching. Since Kaa has no limbs, its design received big expressive eyes, and parts of Kaa's body did the action that normally would be done with hands. The monkeys' dance during "I Wan'na Be Like You" was partially inspired by a performance Louis Prima did with his band at Disney's soundstage to convince Walt Disney to cast him.

Jungle Book 1967 Reception

• The Jungle Book received positive reviews upon release, undoubtedly influenced by a nostalgic reaction to the death of Walt Disney. 
• It made $378 million at the box office during its release. 
• The song "The Bare Necessities" was nominated for Best Original Song at the 40th Academy Awards.

Jungle Book 2016 Technologies

he animal characters were created entirely in computer animation, with the assistance of footage of real animal movement, the actors recording their lines, and performance capture for reference. The production team underwent a thorough process to realistically convey the animals' speaking, while still making them perceptually believable to the audience. Favreau researched earlier films featuring anthropomorphic animals—including Walt Disney's animated features, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Bambi, as well as modern films such as Babe—and adopted certain techniques from those films into The Jungle Book. Nearly 70 separate species of animals native to India are featured in the film, with several species being portrayed as "150% larger" than their actual counterparts.

Jim Henson's Creature Shop was brought in to provide animal puppet figures for Sethi to act against, although none appear in the finished film. The animal puppets were performed by Artie Esposito, Sean Johnson, Allan Trautman, and April Warren. Favreau utilized motion capture with certain actors, expressing a desire to avoid overusing the technology in order to prevent evoking an uncanny valley effect. For instance, Bill Murray's lifted eyebrow was incorporated into Baloo's facial gestures. The Moving Picture Company MPC and Weta Digital created the film's visual effects. MPC developed new software for animating muscular structure in the animals.Around 1,000 remote jungle locations in India were photographed and used as reference in post-production. Favreau expressed desire in wanting the film's 3D shots to imbue the abilities of the multiplane camera system utilized in Disney's earlier animated films.

Jungle Book 2016 reception

• The film became a huge financial success. It briefly held the record for the biggest remake of all time until the studio's own Beauty and the Beast surpassed it the following year.
• It grossed $364 million in the United States and Canada and $602.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $966.6 million, against a budget of $175 million.
• In 2017 the film won the academy award for 'best visual effects'

How Might The Historical Context Of The Jungle Book (1967) And Jungle Book (2016) Have Influenced The Films? How Might This Account For The Differences In Production Of The Movies And How They Were Recieved?

The Jungle Book 1967 main audience was children. It was intended to be a light-hearted movie purely for the entertainment of children. Alleged making money was not the main priority. More imagination was needed in the production process because it was adapted from less light-hearted books, so it was reimagined into a musical children’s story. Due to the time of its release there was no social media or platforms similar to advertise, so advertisements were purply based on the film trailer played in cinema. Although well-known actors did voice characters that was not used as a marketing method. The Jungle book was Walt Disney’s last animation to produce before his death perhaps attracting audiences for the end of an era. The film was well received, it has been widely acclaimed by animators, with Eric Goldberg declaring The Jungle Book "boasts possibly the best character animation a studio has ever done".

On the other hand, The Jungle Book 2016 main audience is not children. The films are marketed towards all ages because of the childlike story however the pull of nostalgia to adults also. The style of animation used in this version is also fairly new and developing in the industry as computer animation and live action form a hybrid. However, when it comes to Disney’s remakes of old classics they are being criticized for lack of imagination as its just recycling old movies which they know will be successful because of the nostalgia. In 2016 there are multiple platforms to advertise on social media helping to create a buzz surrounding its release. Another key factor in their advertising was using big Hollywood names as a pull towards the film as they are associated with success.

What Accounts For Disney's Success? What Have They Done As An Industry To Achieve This?

Disney began his first series of fully animated films in 1927 featuring Oswald the lucky rabbit. Who was later reimaged to become the iconic character Mickey Mouse. Disney was a pioneer in the animation industry and led the way experimenting with new techniques which intrigued audiences because of the new modern technology appeal. They released the first synchronized sound animation with 'steamboat willie'. In 1937 Disney released the first colour animated full-length fil 'snow white and the seven dwarfs' The film was a tremendous critical success, with many reviewers hailing it as a genuine work of art, recommended for both children and adults. At the 11th Academy Awards, the film won an Academy Honorary Award for Walt Disney "as a significant screen innovation which has charmed millions and pioneered a great new entertainment field". Then In 1940 Pinocchio furthered the standard for new animation with it being the first complex character rendered in lots of detail. Between 1940 - 1960 the company had a rough period with financial troubles and animators going on strike, that as well as world war 2 with animators being drafted to war. The Jungle Book was Walt Disney’s last film he was in control of before his death. Again, following this the company had a dip in producing hits as they went down more experimental routes with animation and audience targeting a more male dominated audience. However, when Jeffrey Katzenberg joined Disney that’s when things turned around and 'The little Mermaid’ in 1989 paved the way for a new style of successful Disney’s movie with the Disney princesses. Prior to Walt Disney’s death land had been purchased with the intentions of building Disneyland opened in 1955. Since then parks have been opened in Tokyo, Paris, Florida and Hong Kong. Million visit each year worldwide accumulating masses of profit for Disney. In the 21st century Disney has become much more commercialized with merchandising and cruises. Disney have achieved this success by being innovated and following new advances in technology to stay current and attractive to modern audiences. Particularly now in the present Disney is remaking old classics as it is a sure way for success from the feeling of nostalgia felt by those for the memory of the originals.

Evaluate The Relevance Of Livingstone And Lunts Theory Of Regualtion To Long Form Television Drama

Livingstone and Lunt’s theory of regulation argues that traditional regulation is being put at risk by increasingly globalized media industries, the rise of digital media and media convergence. The UK traditional media has government laws and regulation bodies put in place to regulate content that is broadcast to the public such as ofcom and the bbfc. However, the new media companies such as Netflix are globalized meaning that it makes it very difficult for the government to regulate because of the use of proxy servers and vpn which allow government regulations to be bypassed this puts traditional regulation at risk as media is becoming more difficult to regulate. This theory applies to stranger things because as of early 2018 the EU wanted to introduce new laws that breakdown geographical barriers for online subscription services like Netflix. This will give flexibility to customers and may persuade them to use services such as Netflix because of the increased accessibility. This type of accessibility challenges traditional regulation as it is breaking down the reginal laws regarding content to ensure it is accessible. This theory can also be applied to the killing because it was regulated to the standard of that of Danish tv producers DR however when it was purchased by amazon to air on amazon prime that opens it up to the whole world regardless of it meets that countries regulation standard as there are multiple ways in which these regulations can be bypassed through the internet. This disregards traditional media regulations as the globalized media industries introduce a new place of less regulated content.

Evaluate The Relevance Of Gauntletts Theory Of Identity To Long Form Television Drama

David Gauntletts theory of representations argues that the media have a complex relationship with identities. He believes audiences often get a sense of their own identity from the media they consume. Gauntlett also argues that in the past we used to see very straightforward representations especially concerning gender but now in terms of the new media we see much more complex diverse representations. In terms of stranger things this theory can be applied as Joyce Byers is represented as a struggling single working mum which subverts the traditional representations of women as domestic and living in nuclear families. In the first episode we see Joyce frantically trying to make it to work whilst her eldest son has been put in charge of feeding and taking his younger brother to school as she cannot. It shows that she is not a stereotypical domestic mother and she must make sacrifices to work hard to provide for her family. This creates a modern representation of single mothers which may resonate with the stranger things audience. Stranger things have also created a wider identity of people who grew up in the 80’s creating a nostalgic feeling of looking back on their childhood. Stranger Things makes them want to dig out old VHS tapes and go on adventures on your bike. There are so many references to, and similarities to films such as ET, Home Alone, Stand By Me, The X-Files and The Goonies. This generation loved them and its way to revive these memories and get a sense of their own personal identity from this media. This theory can similarly be applied to the killing as Sarah Lund is represented as a strong working woman but in doing so neglects her home life in place of her career. This also creates a modern representation of intelligent hard-working women however you could also argue this furthers the idea that women can not have both a successful career and home life as opposed to men who are often represented in the media as achieving both. Coinciding with Gauntletts theory this is a much more complex female character with perception and intellect rather than a stay at home domesticated woman whose mind and actions revolved around home life.